The combination of these changes resulted in the displacement of many people from the land. The first organized immigration of Highlanders to North Carolina came in , when people from Argyllshire journeyed to Wilmington and up the Cape Fear River to settle in what became Cumberland County. Letters written back to Scotland encouraged further immigration. By thousands of Highlanders had come to the colony.
British officials interviewed departing Highlanders in as to their reasons for emigrating. Laborers stated that they hoped for better employment in North Carolina. Tradesmen expected better business. Farmers cited high rents and oppressive service to their landlords as reasons for moving to the Americas. Immigrating to North Carolina was a hard journey, requiring weeks on a sailing ship that was subject to the whims of nature.
James Hogg organized a group of immigrants to travel to North Carolina in on the ship Bachelor. Hogg contracted with the shipowner to provide healthy food. Weekly adult rations consisted of: 2 lb. Passengers gathered at the end of June for their journey, but the ship did not arrive at port until the end of August. Sailing at the beginning of the Atlantic storm season, the Bachelor was immediately hit by a gale and had to seek shelter.
Upon sailing the second time, the ship encountered another storm. Then smallpox broke out on board. The ship was harbored in the Shetland Islands in northern Scotland when a third storm caused severe damage. Months later the passengers were taken not to Wilmington but to Edinburgh, Scotland , where those who still had money booked passage to North Carolina on a different ship. Highlanders were encouraged to settle in colonial North Carolina by royal governor Gabriel Johnston.
Most Scots coming to the colony were farmers who needed land, so this tax exemption offered a strong incentive. When the Highlanders arrived, their priorities were to select land, have it surveyed, and then plant a crop. The native longleaf pines allowed crops to be planted without the backbreaking work of first removing all trees.
Settlers removed a ring of bark from the pines, killing the trees; this caused needles to fall and sunlight to reach crops. The Scottish Highlanders had many adjustments to make in their new home. North Carolina was an English colony; consequently, English was the language used by many settlers and the only language used by government and the courts. Highlanders spoke Gaelic. Only educated Scots spoke and read English. The Highlanders were Presbyterian.
Marriages by Presbyterian ministers were not considered legal. Although Highlanders did not attend Anglican services, they were taxed to support Anglican churches throughout the colonial period.
The Highlands are a cold, rocky land where many areas have no trees. New immigrants had to adapt to a very warm, swampy, and forested Coastal Plain.
Scottish homes were made of stone; most early North Carolina homes were made of wood. The thin soil and short growing season of the Highlands made oats and barley the main crops. In their new home, Scots grew corn and wheat and raised hogs rather than cattle.
They also produced naval stores —pitch and tar rendered from the sap of pine trees and used to protect the hulls and rigging of wooden ships. Despite differences in language, religion, and traditions, the Highland Scots integrated into North Carolina society.
They were involved in both local and colonial government. Although their exact numbers are unknown, records reveal that countless Highland Scots migrated to North Carolina during the colonial period. Arriving in Wilmington, most who came had obtained a land grant from the government to settle in the Upper Cape Fear region, because they knew many parts of the Lower Cape Fear had been settled.
In , enterprising merchants from Wilmington had settled Cross Creek, an interior town on the Cape Fear River, so many Highlanders dwelled near the small creeks flowing into the river. Highland settlements were numerous in this region during the eighteenth century, and evidence of them can be seen today in Anson, Bladen, Moore, Cumberland, Richland, Scotland, and Robeson counties. The early Scots raised livestock, including sheep and swine, and grew wheat and corn while some worked in the naval stores industry.
Although many preferred to live outside of Cross Creek, they actively traded in the river town. Estate records probated in the eighteenth century also reveal that there were a few Highland Scots who owned land in North Carolina as well as Scotland.
As mentioned, not all Highland Scots remained in North Carolina. Why did he do this? The video begins with students from the Atlanta International School introducing themselves and naming their country of origin.
Do a similar diversity check by asking classmates to name their countries of origin as well as those of people they know in school or in the community. Name some of the nationalities that settled the colony of Georgia.
Why did the Scottish Highlanders come to Georgia? The Lord of the Manor got the rest of the crop. They did not own the land. Oglethorpe and the trustees offered free land in the New World. They came for a new life and the promise of land. Oglethorpe gave them land on the coast of Georgia, rather than inland. He knew that they were good fighters — they had this reputation in Europe. He needed a defense from the Spanish on the coast of Georgia below Savannah.
The Scots built and defended a fort in Darien, as it was later named. The men wore Kilts, which looked liked skirts.
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